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Nutrition Science

Cutting Macros Guide

Protein protects muscle. Fat supports hormones. Carbs fuel performance. Here's exactly how to set each one for a successful cut.

Protein
2.0–2.4g/kg LBM
4 cal/g
Muscle preservation, satiety, thermogenesis
Fat
0.8–1.0g/kg BW
9 cal/g
Hormone production, fat-soluble vitamins, joint health
Carbs
Remaining calories
4 cal/g
Training performance, glycogen, mood regulation

Protein: The Non-Negotiable Macro

If you only optimize one macro during a cut, make it protein. Multiple meta-analyses confirm that high protein intake during caloric restriction significantly attenuates lean mass loss compared to moderate protein intakes.

The current evidence-based target is 2.0–2.4g of protein per kg of lean body mass per day. Some studies (Helms et al., 2014) suggest leaner athletes benefit from going even higher — up to 3.1g/kg — as body fat drops below 10%.

Why LBM, Not Total Bodyweight?

Fat tissue doesn't need protein for maintenance. Using total body weight inflates your protein needs if you have higher body fat. LBM-based calculations are more accurate for athletes across all body composition levels.

Calculate your LBM: Body Weight × (1 − Body Fat% ÷ 100)
Your protein target: LBM in kg × 2.2

Best Protein Sources for Cutting

Food Protein/100g Calories/100g Protein Efficiency
Chicken breast (cooked) 31g 165 cal ★★★★★
Turkey breast 29g 135 cal ★★★★★
Egg whites (liquid) 11g 52 cal ★★★★★
White fish (cod, tilapia) 23g 105 cal ★★★★★
Greek yogurt (0%) 10g 59 cal ★★★★☆
Cottage cheese (low-fat) 11g 85 cal ★★★★☆
Whey protein (1 scoop) 25g 120 cal ★★★★★
Shrimp 24g 99 cal ★★★★★
Tuna (canned in water) 25g 116 cal ★★★★★
Lean beef (96% lean) 22g 152 cal ★★★★☆

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Fat: Set the Floor, Don't Go Below It

Dietary fat is often the first thing people slash on a cut. This is a mistake. Fat serves functions that carbohydrates cannot:

  • Testosterone synthesis — fat is a precursor to steroid hormones. Drop fat too low and testosterone tanks, directly increasing muscle catabolism.
  • Fat-soluble vitamin absorption — vitamins A, D, E, and K require dietary fat for absorption.
  • Omega-3 status — EPA and DHA are critical for inflammation management during heavy training.
  • Satiety — fat slows gastric emptying, which helps manage hunger on a restricted diet.

The minimum for most male athletes is 0.8g of fat per kg of bodyweight. Women typically need slightly higher minimums (1.0g/kg) due to hormonal sensitivity.

Don't go below these minimums. Ever. The performance and hormonal consequences aren't worth the extra calorie headroom.

Best Fat Sources for Cutting

Prioritize unsaturated fats: olive oil, avocado, almonds, salmon, mackerel. These provide omega-3s and oleic acid alongside their calories. Avoid processed seed oils — they're high-calorie with poor micronutrient profiles.

Carbs: Your Performance and Flex Macro

After protein and fat are set, carbs fill the remaining calories. This means carbs drop as your deficit increases — which is fine. Carbs are not essential in the way protein and fat are, but they are your primary performance fuel.

The big carb lever on a cut is timing. On training days, eat more carbs (peri-workout). On rest days, reduce carbs slightly and increase fat slightly. This is the basis of carb cycling.

Carb Sources That Work on a Cut

Prioritize high-volume, high-fiber carbs: white rice, oats, sweet potato, fruit, rice cakes. Avoid foods that are simultaneously high in carbs AND high in fat (pasta with cream sauce, pizza) — these are calorie bombs that eat your macro budget.

Practical Example: Setting Macros for a Cut

Example athlete: 85kg male, 18% body fat, moderately active
LBM = 85 × 0.82 = 69.7kg

Target macros:
Protein: 69.7 × 2.2 = 153g (612 cal)
Fat: 85 × 0.8 = 68g (612 cal)
Daily cutting target: 2,250 cal
Remaining: 2,250 − 612 − 612 = 1,026 cal
Carbs: 1,026 ÷ 4 = 256g

Macro Tracking: Why ±5% Isn't "Close Enough"

A lot of people think being "roughly" on their macros is fine. The math disagrees. If you're 5% over on both protein and carbs every day:

Extra protein: 153 × 1.05 = 161g → +32 extra calories
Extra carbs: 256 × 1.05 = 269g → +52 extra calories
Daily surplus from "rough" tracking: 84 extra calories
Weekly: 588 extra calories — nearly a full meal

After 12 weeks: ~7,000 extra calories — equivalent to about 0.9kg of fat you didn't burn because your tracking was "roughly" right.

PlateLens

Know Your Exact Macros at Every Meal

PlateLens breaks down protein, carbs, and fat from a single photo. You set the targets — it does the tracking. Available on iOS and Android.